e-codices · 13.10.2020, 16:06:06

The artistic vocabulary of the dominant culture in which a particular megillah was created usually affected its decoration. The lack of figural representation in this scroll from North Africa is due in no small measure to the Islamic milieu in which it was produced. In countries under Muslim rule, depictions of the human form were often forbidden, or at the very least, discouraged. Consequently, megillot, as well as other decorated Hebrew manuscripts produced under these circumstances, rarely contain figural art.
The scroll is adorned with design motifs echoing the mudejar style of architecture employed throughout the Iberian Peninsula, beginning at the end of the fifteenth century. Each column of text is framed by a separate and delicately curved, pointed horseshoe arch. The arches form a long decorative arcade along the length of the entire megillah. The spandrels and columns that support the arches are filled with orange and green floral and geometric patterns. These motifs were imported into North Africa by the Jews who migrated there after the expulsions of Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. Many of North Africa’s relatively small Jewish communities were suddenly inundated by these megorashim (expelled ones) who quickly outnumbered the toshavim (indigenous residents) of these North African communities. The artistic traditions of the Sephardic newcomers had an impact on the decoration of Hebrew manuscripts. Their style of decoration, which lasted for hundreds of years, can be seen in the embellishment of numerous nineteenth-century Moroccan Hebrew codices, scrolls, and ketubbot.
As megillot often lack scribal inscriptions, they are difficult to date and localize with precision. This is the case here. Yet, by comparing this scroll with decorated marriage contracts, which always bear the date and name of city in which they were written,it is possible to determine the most likely center of production of this work. The pointed horseshoe arch with spare-ground foliage decorating its spandrels is found in decorated marriage contracts created in Meknes as early as 1813 and continuing through the nineteenth century. This Esther scroll was most likely executed there. It differs in appearance from the ketubbot, however, in the use of meticulously written square Sephardic letters for the text. The careful attention to detail in the creation of lines, words, and letters, render each text column of this megillah an exquisite calligram.

A Journey through Jewish Worlds. Highlights from the Braginsky collection of Hebrew manuscripts and printed books, ed. E. M. Cohen, S. L. Mintz, E. G. L. Schrijver, Amsterdam, 2009, p. 270.

Commenta

e-codices · 13.10.2020, 15:59:47

Die Gestaltung dieser Megilla aus Nordafrika widerspiegelt das künstlerische Vokabular der umgebenden Mehrheitskultur. Sie ist nicht nur der Formensprache der islamischen Kunst verpflichtet, etwa durch die vielfältig variierten Ornamente und die Hufeisenform der Architekturbogen, sondern verzichtet auch auf figürliche Darstellungen.
Die Bogen über den Textkolumnen bilden eine lange, dekorative Arkade über die gesamte Megilla hinweg. Säulen und Bogenzwickel sind mit orangeroten und grünen floralen und geometrischen Mustern versehen.
Wie die meisten Megillot ist auch diese weder signiert noch datiert. Durch einen Vergleich mit den illustrierten Ketubbot ist es aber möglich, die Region und den Zeitraum der Herstellung näher einzugrenzen. Am nächsten stehen ihrem Dekor die Ketubbot aus der marokkanischen Stadt Meknes am Fuss des Atlasgebirges – trotz der abweichenden Verwendung sorgfältig geschriebe­ner sefardischer Buchstaben und des exquisiten kalligrafischen Schriftbilds in der Megilla.

Schöne Seiten. Jüdische Schriftkultur aus der Braginsky Collection, Hrsg. von Emile Schrijver und Falk Wiesemann, Zürich 2011, S. 302.

Commenta

A Journey through Jewish Worlds. Highlights from the Braginsky collection of Hebrew manuscripts and printed books, ed. E. M. Cohen, S. L. Mintz, E. G. L. Schrijver, Amsterdam, 2009, p. 270.

Schöne Seiten. Jüdische Schriftkultur aus der Braginsky Collection, Hrsg. von Emile Schrijver und Falk Wiesemann, Zürich 2011, S. 302.